Nothing on this piece is carved. Every bead, cove and ring is cut on the lathe with the stem turning, which means the maker is shaping a moving surface by feel and by the sound the tool makes rather than by marking the wood out first.
The difficulty is that a bored stem is a tube, not a solid. Cutting deep beads into a tube takes wall thickness away exactly where the piece is weakest, so each bead is stopped short of where the eye says it could go. That restraint is why the profile looks fuller at the thick end and calms down as the stem runs out.
The two tones are separate lengths of wood joined along the stem, not stain. They are matched for diameter before turning so the joins fall inside a bead rather than across a flat, where they would show. Brass finishes the tip and the bowl seats into the end.